Catechism of the Catholic Church

Life in Christ 499 2055 When someone asks him, “Which commandment in the Law is the greatest?” 8 Jesus replies: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the greatest and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments hang all the Law and the prophets.” 9 The Deca­ logue must be interpreted in light of this twofold yet single com­ mandment of love, the fullness of the Law: The commandments: “You shall not commit adultery, You shall not kill, You shall not steal, You shall not covet,” and any other commandment, are summed up in this sentence: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” Love does no wrong to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfilling of the law. 10 The Decalogue in Sacred Scripture 2056 The word “Decalogue” means literally “ten words.” 11 God revealed these “ten words” to his people on the holy moun­ tain. They were written “with the finger of God,” 12 unlike the oth­ er commandments written by Moses. 13 They are pre–eminently the words of God. They are handed on to us in the books of Exo- dus 14 and Deuteronomy. 15 Beginning with the Old Testament, the sacred books refer to the “ten words,” 16 but it is in the New Cove­ nant in Jesus Christ that their full meaning will be revealed. 2057 The Decalogue must first be understood in the context of the Exodus, God’s great liberating event at the center of the Old Covenant. Whether formulated as negative commandments, pro­ hibitions, or as positive precepts such as: “Honor your father and mother,” the “ten words” point out the conditions of a life freed from the slavery of sin. The Decalogue is a path of life: If you love the Lord your God, by walking in his ways, and by keeping his commandments and his statutes and his ordinances, then you shall live and multiply. 17 8 Mt 22:36. 9 Mt 22:37-40; cf. Deut 6:5; Lev 19:18. 10 Rom 13:9–10. 11 Ex 34:28; Deut 4:13; 10:4. 12 Ex 31:18; Deut 5:22. 13 Cf. Deut 31:9, 24. 14 Cf. Ex 20:1-17. 15 Cf. Deut 5:6-22. 16 Cf. for example Hos 4:2; Jer 7:9; Ezek 18:5-9. 17 Deut 30:16. 129 700 62 2084